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1.1 This guide covers recommendations for the selection of weirs and flumes for the measurement of the volumetric flow rate of water and wastewater in open channels under a variety of field conditions.

1.2 This guide emphasizes the weirs and flumes for which ASTM standards are available, namely, thin-plate weirs, broad-crested weirs, Parshall flumes, and Palmer-Bowlus (and other long-throated) flumes. However, reference is also made to other measurement devices and methods that may be useful in specific situations.

1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.

1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

4.1 Each type of weir and flume possesses advantages and disadvantages relative to the other types when it is considered for a specific application; consequently, the selection process often involves reaching a compromise among several features. This guide is intended to assist the user in making a selection that is hydraulically, structurally, and economically appropriate for the purpose.

4.2 It is recognized that not all open-channel situations are amenable to flow measurement by weirs and flumes and that in some cases, particularly in large streams, discharges may best be determined by other means. (See 6.2.2.)