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This part of ISO 140 specifies a laboratory method of measurement of the impact sound insulation of roofs, roof/ceiling systems and skylights excited by artificial rainfall. The results obtained can be used for assessing the noise to be produced by rainfall on a given building element in the room or space below. The results can also be used to compare rainfall sound insulation capabilities of building elements and to design building elements with appropriate rainfall sound insulation properties. This part of ISO 140 is based on measurements with artificial raindrops under controlled conditions using a water tank in a laboratory test facility in which flanking sound transmission is suppressed. Measurements using real rain, although a useful means for validation purposes, are not included because of the variable, unpredictable and intermittent nature of real rain. Other mechanical simulation methods under investigation by researchers are not sufficiently well developed at present to adequately simulate real rain both in terms of sound levels and spectra generated.