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This International Standard defines a reference model for ubiquitous public access (UPA) to geographic information. This reference model uses standard concepts from both the Open distributed processing — Reference model (RM-ODP) in ISO/IEC 10746-1 and ISO 19101.The reference model specified in this International Standard defines the following:— conceptual models for ubiquitous public access (UPA) to geographic information;— a reference model and framework to support current and future specification development in this area;— the semantics of information and processing within systems and services for the UPA of geographic information;— the architectural relationship between this International Standard and other ISO geographic information standards.This International Standard is applicable to location-based services (LBS), ubiquitous computing environments, linked open data, and other domains that require a seamless public access to geographic information.Although structured in the context of information technology and information technology standards, this International Standard is independent of any application development method or technology implementation approach.