ASTM-D4428 › Standard Test Methods for Crosshole Seismic Testing (Withdrawn 2023)
Show Complete Document History
The following bibliographic material is provided to assist you with your purchasing decision:
Scope
1.1 These test methods are limited to the determination of the velocity of two types of horizontally travelling seismic waves in soil materials; primary compression (P-wave) and secondary shear (S-wave) waves. The standard assumes that the method used to analyze the data obtained is based on first arrival times or interval arrival times over a measured distance.
1.2 Acceptable interpretation procedures and equipment, such as seismic sources, receivers, and recording systems are discussed. Other items addressed include borehole spacing, drilling, casing, grouting, deviation surveys, and actual test procedures.
1.3 These test methods are primarily concerned with the actual test procedure, data interpretation, and specifications for equipment which will yield uniform test results.
1.4 All recorded and calculated values shall conform to the guide for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.
1.4.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in these test methods are regarded as the industry standard. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives. Measurements made to more significant digits or better sensitivity than specified in these test methods shall not be regarded a nonconformance with this standard.
1.5 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units [presented in brackets] are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this test method.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Significance and Use
5.1 The seismic crosshole method provides a designer with information pertinent to the seismic wave velocities of the materials in question (1).2 This data may be used as follows:
5.1.1 For input into static/dynamic analyses;
5.1.2 For computing shear modulus, Young's modulus, and Poisson's ratio (provided density is known or assumed);
5.1.3 For determining Seismic Site Class using the appropriate Building Code; and
5.1.4 For assessing liquefaction potential.
5.2 Fundamental assumptions inherent in the test methods are as follows:
5.2.1 Horizontal layering is assumed.
5.2.2 Snell’s law of refraction applies to P-waves and S-waves and to the velocities derived from crosshole tests. If Snell’s law of refraction is not considered in the analysis of Crosshole seismic testing data, the report shall so state, and the P-wave and S-wave velocities obtained may be unreliable for certain depth intervals near changes in stratigraphy (2).
Keywords
accelerometers; compression waves; geophones; machine foundations; seismic waves; shear waves; wave velocity
To find similar documents by ASTM Volume:
04.08 (Soil and Rock (I): D420 - D5876)
To find similar documents by classification:
This document comes with our free Notification Service, good for the life of the document.
This document is available in either Paper or PDF format.
Document Number
ASTM-D4428/D4428M-14
Revision Level
2014 EDITION
Status
Cancelled
Modification Type
Withdrawn
Publication Date
April 1, 2014
Document Type
Test Method
Page Count
7 pages
Committee Number
D18.09