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Scope

1.1 This guide provides procedures that should be used by forensic document examiners (E 444) for examinations and comparisons involving visualization and recording of indentations.

1.2 These procedures include evaluation of the sufficiency of the material available for examination.

1.3 The particular methods employed in a given case will depend upon the nature of the material available for examination.

1.4 This guide may not cover all aspects of unusual or uncommon examinations.

1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

Significance and Use

When sheets of paper are in direct or indirect contact with one another, impressions on the top sheet can produce indentations on the sheet(s) below.

This guide establishes procedures for visualizing those indentations.

4.2.1 These procedures are essentially non-destructive; however, pencil writing and single-strike ribbon typing can be partially lifted from the document by EDD. Although this effect can be minimal, adequate documentation of such items should precede EDD.

Paper fiber disturbances caused by erasures or present in torn paper edges may be visualized using this guide.

Electrostatic detection device (EDD) examinations may be useful in developing other types of impressions on paper items (for example, typewritten material, shoeprints and latent prints).

The procedures outlined here are grounded in the generally accepted body of knowledge and experience in the field of forensic document examination. By following these procedures, a forensic document examiner can reliably reach an opinion concerning indentations.

Keywords

electrostatic detection device (EDD); embossing; forensic science; indentations; questioned documents; ICS Number Code 07.140 (Forensic science)

To find similar documents by ASTM Volume:

14.02 (General Test Methods; Forensic Psychophysiology; Forensic Sciences; Terminology; Conformity Assessment; Statistical Methods; Nanotechnology; Forensic Engineering; Manufacture of Pharmaceutical Products)

To find similar documents by classification:

03.160 (Law. Administration Including flags and associated symbols (emblems) of political and administrative entities, military flags, flags of organizations, etc. This group includes standards for general use)

07.140 (Forensic science)

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