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1.1 This practice covers requirements for the validation of empirically derived calibrations (Note 1) such as calibrations derived by Multiple Linear Regression (MLR), Principal Component Regression (PCR), Partial Least Squares (PLS), Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), or any other empirical calibration technique whereby a relationship is postulated between a set of variables measured for a given sample under test and one or more physical, chemical, quality, or membership properties applicable to that sample.

1.2 This practice does not cover procedures for establishing said postulated relationship.

1.3 This practice serves as an overview of techniques used to verify the applicability of an empirically derived multivariate calibration to the measurement of a sample under test and to verify equivalence between the properties calculated from the empirically derived multivariate calibration and the results of an accepted reference method of measurement to within control limits established for the prespecified statistical confidence level.

1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

5.1 This practice outlines a universally applicable procedure to validate the performance of a quantitative or qualitative, empirically derived, multivariate calibration relative to an accepted reference method.

5.2 This practice provides procedures for evaluating the capability of a calibration to provide reliable estimations relative to an accepted reference method.

5.3 This practice provides purchasers of a measurement system that incorporates an empirically derived multivariate calibration with options for specifying validation requirements to ensure that the system is capable of providing estimations with an appropriate degree of agreement with an accepted reference method.

5.4 This practice provides the user of a measurement system that incorporates an empirically derived multivariate calibration with procedures capable of providing information that may be useful for ongoing quality assurance of the performance of the measurement system.

5.5 Validation information obtained in the application of this practice is applicable only to the material type and property range of the materials used to perform the validation and only for the individual measurement system on which the practice is completely applied. It is the user's responsibility to select the property levels and the compositional characteristics of the validation samples such that they are suitable to the application. This practice allows the user to write a comprehensive validation statement for the analyzer system including specific limits for the validated range of application and specific restrictions to the permitted uses of the measurement system. Users are cautioned against extrapolation of validation results beyond the material type(s) and property range(s) used to obtain these results.

5.6 Users are cautioned that a validated empirically derived multivariate calibration is applicable only to samples that fall within the subset population represented in the validation set. The estimation from an empirically derived multivariate calibration can only be validated when the applicability of the calibration is explicitly established for the particular measurement for which the estimation is produced. Applicability cannot be assumed.