ASTM-D5369 › Standard Practice for Extraction of Solid Waste Samples for Chemical Analysis Using Soxhlet Extraction (Withdrawn 2016)
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Scope
1.1 This practice describes standard procedures for extracting nonvolatile and semivolatile organic compounds from solids such as soils, sediments, sludges, and granular wastes using Soxhlet extraction.
1.1.1 The sample must be suitable for being mixed with the sample drying agent, sodium sulfate or magnesium sulfate, to provide drying of all sample surfaces.
1.2 This practice, when used in conjunction with Test Method D 5368
1.3 This practice is limited to solvents having boiling points below the boiling point of water at ambient pressure.
1.4 The solvent extract obtained by this practice may be analyzed for total or specific nonvolatile and semivolatile organic compounds but may require sample clean-up procedures prior to specific compound analysis.
1.4.1 This practice provides sample extracts suitable for analysis by various techniques such as gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC/FID) or gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection (GC/MS).
1.5 This practice is recommended only for solid samples that can pass through a 10-mesh sieve (approximately 2-mm openings), or are less than 2 mm in thickness.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautions see Section 9.
Significance and Use
This practice provides a general procedure for the solvent extraction of organics from soils, sediments, sludges, and fine-grained solid wastes. It may be used as the initial step in the solvent extraction of organic constituents from waste materials for the purpose of quantifying extractable organic compounds. When the appropriate extraction solvent is used, the procedure can be applied to the determination of the total solvent extractable content (TSEC) of the sample. The extraction of nonvolatile or semivolatile organic compounds from the above solid waste should use solvents listed in Table 1 or SW846 Method 3540.
The detection limit, linear concentration range, and sensitivity of the method for specific organic compound analysis will depend upon the method used for instrumental analysis and will also depend upon the sample clean-up and solvent concentration methods used. Typical detection limits that can be achieved for GC or GC/MS are in the parts per million and sub-parts per million range.
The method detection limit can be adjusted by varying the volume of extract used and by additional sample clean-up prior to analysis.
Soxhlet extraction has an advantage when analyzing solid waste and soil/waste mixtures which form emulsions with more rigorous solvent mixing extraction techniques.
TABLE 1 Selected Applications of Soxhlet Extraction for Extraction of Organic Constituents from Solid Matrices
Sample Matrix | Solvent | Compounds or Constituents | Extraction Time, h (cycles) | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
(1) Sediment | 1,1,1-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane (Freon) | oil and grease | 4 (80) | (1)A Plumb (1983) |
(2) Sludges and similar materials | 1,1,1-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane (Freon) | oil and grease | 4 (80) | (2) Standard Methods |
(3) Sludges from sewage | hexane then methanol | total organic C oil, grease, fats | 24 | (3) Strachan (1983) |
(4) Municipal wastewater suspended solids and activated carbon | hexane/dichloromethane | semivolatile priority pollutants | 24 (480) | (4) Harrold (1982) |
(5) Soil and housedust | acetone/hexane(1:1) | organochlorine insecticides | 5 (60) | (5) EPA (1980) |
(6) Sediment | dichloromethane | phenols | 8 | (6) Goldberg (1980) |
(7) Soil | a) acetone/n-hexane(1:1) | aldrin, dieldrin | 12 (554) | (7) Chiba (1968) |
b) acetonitrile | aldrin, dieldrin | 14 (47) | ||
c) 2-propanol/n-hexane(1:1) | aldrin, dieldrin | 18 (108) | ||
(8) Soil | chloroform/methanol(1:1) (other solvents also studied) | dieldrin | 8 (160) | (8) Saha (1969) |
(9) Airborne particulates | methanol (cyclohexane also studied) | gross organics | 2 | (9) Hill (1977) |
(10) Airborne particulates | benzene | selected PAHs | 4–6 | (10) Pierce (1975) |
(11) Airborne particulates | numerous solvents studied | selected PAHs | 6 | (11) Stanley (1967) |
(12) Coke oven aerosol particulates | benzene | selected PAHs | 2 (18–20) | (12) Broddin (1977) |
(13) Artificial aerosol particulates | methanol/benzene methanol/benzene methanol/benzene | selected PAHs selected phthalates selected aliphatics | 8 (80) 16 (160) 2 (20) | (13) Cautreels (1976) |
methanol | selected nitrogen aromatics | 4 (40) | ||
benzene | selected nitrogen aromatics | 2 (20) | ||
(14) Activated carbon | chloroform chloroform/ethanol | phenols gross organics | 44 (440) | (14) Pahl (1973) (15) Buelow (1973) |
(15) Glass fiber filters | 26 solvents and 24 binary mixtures | total organic carbon | 6 | (16) Grosjean (1975) |
(16) Surface sediments | methanol then dichloromethane | total oil hydrocarbon | 48 (160) | (17) Sporstol (1985) |
(17) Bottom sediment | hexane/acetone/isooctane | chlorinated benzenes | 18 | (18) Onuska (1985) |
(18) Environmental particulates | benzene | chlorinated dioxins | 16 | (19) Lamparski (1980) |
(19) Soils | hexane/acetone/methanol | DDT | 12 | (20) Nash (1972) |
A The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of this practice.
Keywords
nonvolatile; semivolatile; solid; samples; Extraction methods; Granular waste; Nonvolatile matter content--waste materials; Sediment; Semi-volatile organic/inorganic compounds; Sludge; Sludge sampling; Soil; Solvents--waste applications; Soxhlet extraction; TSEC (total solvent extractables content); Waste materials/processing/analysis
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Document Number
ASTM-D5369-93(2008)e1
Revision Level
1993 R08(E1) EDITION
Status
Cancelled
Modification Type
Withdrawn
Publication Date
Dec. 1, 2008
Document Type
Practice
Page Count
7 pages
Committee Number
D34.01.06