ASTM-D94 › Historical Revision Information
Standard Test Methods for Saponification Number of Petroleum Products
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Scope
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the amount of constituents in petroleum products such as lubricants, additives, and transmission fluids that will saponify under the conditions of the test.
1.1.1 Two test methods are described: Method A—Color Indicator Titration (Sections 6-13), and Method B—Potentiometric Titration (Sections 14-23).
1.2 Because compounds of sulfur, phosphorus, the halogens, and certain other elements that are sometimes added to petroleum products also consume alkali and acids, the results obtained indicate the effect of these extraneous materials in addition to the saponifiable material present. Results on products containing such materials, on used internal-combustion-engine crankcase oils, and on used turbine oils must be interpreted with caution.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Sections 6, 7, 8, 10, 15, 16, 17, and 19.
Significance and Use
5.1 Petroleum products can contain additives that react with alkali to form metal soaps. Fats are examples of such additives. Also, certain used engine oils, especially from turbine or internal combustion engines, can contain chemicals that will similarly react with alkali. The saponification number expresses the amount of base that will react with 1 g of sample when heated in a specific manner. This then gives an estimation of the amount of acid present in the sample, that is, any free acid originally present plus any combined (for example, in esters) that have been converted to metal soaps during the heating procedure.
5.2 Saponification numbers are also used in setting product specifications for lubricants and additives.
Keywords
additives; lubricating oils; potentiometric titration; saponification number; ICS Number Code 75.080 (Petroleum products in general)
To find similar documents by ASTM Volume:
05.01 (Petroleum Products and Lubricants (I): D56 - D3710)
To find similar documents by classification:
75.080 (Petroleum products in general)
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Document Number
ASTM-D94-07(2012)
Revision Level
2007 R12 EDITION
Status
Superseded
Modification Type
Reapproval
Publication Date
Nov. 15, 2012
Document Type
Test Method
Page Count
9 pages
Committee Number
D02.06