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Scope

1.1 This practice covers procedures for eddy-current examination of hot ferromagnetic bars above the Curie temperature where the product is essentially nonmagnetic, but below 2100°F (1149°C).

1.2 This practice is intended for use on bar products having diameters of ½ in. (12.7 mm) to 8 in. (203 mm) at linear throughput speeds up to 1200 ft/min (366 m/min). Larger or smaller diameters may be examined by agreement between the using parties.

1.3 The purpose of this practice is to provide a procedure for in-line eddy-current examination of bars during processing for the detection of major or gross surface discontinuities.

1.3.1 The types of discontinuities capable of being detected are commonly referred to as: slivers, laps, seams, roll-ins (scale, dross, and so forth), and mechanical damage such as scratches, scores, or indentations.

1.4 This practice does not establish acceptance criteria. They must be specified by agreement between the using parties.

1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.

1.6 This practice does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this practice to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Significance and Use

The purpose of this practice is to describe a procedure for in-line-eddy-current examination of hot cylindrical bars in the range of diameters listed in 1.2 for large and repetitive discontinuities that may form during processing.

The discontinuities in bar product capable of being detected by the electromagnetic method are listed in 1.3.1. The method is capable of detecting surface and some subsurface discontinuities that are typically in the order of 0.030 in. (0.75 mm) and deeper, but some shallower discontinuities might also be found.

Discontinuities that are narrow and deep, but short in length, are readily detectable by both probe and encircling coils because they cause abrupt flux changes. Surface and subsurface discontinuities (if the electromagnetic frequency provides sufficient effective depth of penetration) can be detected by this method.

Discontinuities such as scratches or seams that are continuous and uniform for the full length of cut length bars or extend for extensive linear distances in coiled product may not always be detected when encircling coils are used. These are more detectable with probe coils by intercepting the discontinuity in their rotation around the circumference.

The orientation and type of coil are important parameters in coil design because they influence the detectability of discontinuities.

The eddy current method is sensitive to metallurgical variations that occur as a result of processing, thus all received signals above the alarm level are not necessarily indicative of defective product.

Keywords

artificial discontinuity; curie temperature; electrical transient noise; electronically generated signal; encircling coil; ferromagnetic cylindrical bar; flux change; in-line-eddy-current examination; magnetic or electrostatic shield; phase; sensor coil; signal amplitude; suppression circuit; system reliability; transport mechanism; Electronically generated signal; Electrostatic shielding; Hot cylindrical bars; Elevated temperature tests; Encircling coil method; Ferromagnetic material/testing; In-line eddy-current examination; Ferrous metals/alloys; Flux leak testing; Magnetic shields; Manufacturing processes; Sensor coil; Signal detection/amplification/measurement; Signal/noise determination; Signal-to-noise ratio; Steel bars; Artificial discontinuity; Bars (ferromagnetic); Calibration--metals/alloys analysis instrumentation; Calibration--nondestructive analysis instrumentation; Curie temperature; Damage assessment; Defects; Discontinuities--metals/alloys; Eddy current examination; Electrical transient noise; Electromagnetic (eddy current) testing; Suppression circuit; Surface analysis--metals/alloys; System reliability; Transport mechanism

To find similar documents by ASTM Volume:

03.03 (Nondestructive Testing)

To find similar documents by classification:

77.140.40 (Steels with special magnetic properties)

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